Macor ceramics are undoubtedly an excellent material. They have high performance and can be processed with ordinary metal tools. This is undoubtedly the best choice for demanding engineering.
This article compares Macor with other materials based on technical characteristics so that you can better understand the performance differences of various advanced ceramics.
Density
Density is one of the important parameters to measure material properties. It is the mass per unit volume of a substance.
| Material | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
2.52 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
3.70 – 3.95 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
3.26 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
3.10 – 3.20 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
3.10 – 3.21 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
5.68 – 6.10 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
2.50 |
Poisson's Ratio
It refers to the ratio of the lateral strain to the axial strain when the material is deformed by axial force, which reflects the degree of lateral contraction of the material when it is deformed by force.
| Material | Poisson's Ratio |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
0.22 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
0.22 – 0.24 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
0.27 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
0.27 – 0.30 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
0.14 – 0.21 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
0.30 – 0.31 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
0.14 |
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity is a measure of a material’s ability to transfer heat, usually represented by the symbol 𝜆 or 𝑘, with the unit of W/(m·K). It reflects the amount of heat transferred through a unit area per unit time under a unit temperature difference.
| Material | Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
1.5 – 2.0 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
20 – 30 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
170 – 200 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
20 – 30 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
120 – 150 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
2.0 – 3.0 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
30 – 40 |
Young's Modulus
It reflects the ability of a material to produce strain when subjected to stress within its elastic range. The unit is GPa
| Material | Young's Modulus (GPa) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
125 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
300 – 400 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
300 – 330 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
290 – 320 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
300 – 450 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
200 – 220 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
450 – 500 |
Thermal Expansion
It is the phenomenon that the volume or length of a material changes when the temperature changes, reflecting the thermal stability of the material. Macor is a glass-ceramic-based material whose microcrystalline structure gives it excellent dimensional stability and will not creep or deform.
| Material | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE, µm/m·K) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
8.0 – 9.0 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
6.5 – 8.0 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
4.0 – 5.0 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
3.0 – 4.0 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
4.0 – 5.5 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
9.0 – 11.0 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
4.0 – 6.0 |
DC Volume Resistivity
It is used to measure the electrical insulation performance of materials, indicating the resistance per unit volume of the material under the action of a DC electric field. It is usually expressed in Ω·cm
| Material | DC Volume Resistivity (Ω·cm) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
10¹³ – 10¹⁴ |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
10¹² – 10¹³ |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
10¹³ – 10¹⁴ |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
10¹³ – 10¹⁶ |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
10¹⁶ – 10¹⁸ |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
10¹² – 10¹³ |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
10¹⁶ – 10¹⁸ |
Relative Permittivity
A physical quantity that measures the ability of a material to store electrical energy under the action of an electric field. It is defined as the ratio of the material’s capacitance to the vacuum capacitance. It is usually represented by the symbol εr and is a dimensionless value.
| Material | Relative Permittivity (εr) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
5.4 – 6.0 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
8.0 – 10.0 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
8.0 – 9.0 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
7.0 – 8.0 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
8.0 – 10.0 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
20 – 30 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
6.0 – 7.0 |
Fracture Toughness
Used to measure the bending strength of a material, it refers to the maximum stress when the material breaks under a bending load. Usually expressed in MPa
| Material | Fracture Toughness (MPa·m¹/²) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
1.5 – 2.0 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
3.0 – 5.0 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
2.5 – 3.5 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
5.0 – 10.0 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
3.0 – 4.5 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
8.0 – 12.0 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
2.5 – 3.5 |
Loss Tangent
It represents the ratio of the material’s electrical energy loss to its stored energy. The smaller the loss tangent, the lower the material’s dielectric loss.
| Material | Loss Tangent (tan δ) |
|---|---|
|
Macor |
~0.004 – 0.007 |
|
Alumina (Al2O3) |
~0.0001 – 0.0002 |
|
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) |
~0.0002 |
|
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) |
~0.0001 |
|
Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
~0.0001 |
|
Zirconia (ZrO2) |
~0.005 – 0.01 |
|
Boron Carbide (B4C) |
~0.0001 |
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