Single Crystal Silicon

It is a silicon material with orderly atomic arrangement and high purity.

Single Crystal Silicon is a silicon material with a complete crystal structure. It can be doped into N-type silicon or P-type silicon to meet different application requirements and become a core material in the semiconductor and optical fields.

Advantages

The crystal structure is complete and defect-free
High electron mobility
High temperature resistance, suitable for harsh environments
Bending resistance and wear resistance
Controllable purity, divided into N type and P type to meet different application requirements
Can be ultra-precision processed

Applications

Semiconductor chips
Pressure sensors
Transistors and diodes
Photovoltaic cells
Optical components
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Gyroscopes
Wafer packaging
Monocrystalline Silicon Spray Plate

Single Crystal Silicon Properties

Crystal Structure	Lattice type	—	Diamond cubic (Fd3̅m)
	Lattice constant	a (Å)	5.431
Physical Properties	Density	ρ (g/cm³)	2.329
	Melting point	Tₘ (°C)	1414
	Coefficient of thermal expansion	α (10⁻⁶ K⁻¹)	2.6 @ 25–300 °C
Mechanical Properties	Young’s modulus	E (GPa)	130–188
	Poisson’s ratio	ν	0.22
	Fracture toughness	K_IC (MPa·m½)	0.6–0.9
Thermal Properties	Thermal conductivity	κ (W/m·K)	148 @ 300 K
	Specific heat capacity	C_p (J/kg·K)	700 @ 300 K
Electrical Properties	Bandgap energy	E_g (eV)	1.12 @ 300 K
	Intrinsic carrier concentration	n_i (cm⁻³)	1 × 10¹⁰ @ 300 K
	Relative permittivity	ε_r	11.7
	Intrinsic resistivity	ρ_i (Ω·cm)	~2 × 10⁵
	Doped resistivity	ρ_d (Ω·cm)	0.001–10 (depending on doping)
Carrier Mobility	Electron mobility	μ_n (cm²/V·s)	≈1,350 @ 300 K
	Hole mobility	μ_p (cm²/V·s)	≈450 @ 300 K
Optical Properties	Refractive index	n (@ 632.8 nm)	3.88
	Absorption edge	λ_g (μm)	1.1
Surface & Interface	Surface energy	γ (J/m²)	1.24
	Interface state density	D_it (cm⁻²·eV⁻¹)	10¹⁰–10¹¹

Note: All values are typical at room temperature (≈300 K). Actual values may vary slightly with crystal orientation, doping level, and measurement method.

Single Crystal Silicon Machining

Single Crystal Silicon is a common material in semiconductors with excellent properties. Jundro Ceramics is an ultra-hard materials manufacturer that can provide precision processing of N-type silicon and P-type silicon. With our rich experience and diverse equipment, we can perfectly meet your application needs.

Need to customize Single Crystal Silicon? Contact us today to speak with our materials experts to create a solution that exceeds expectations!

FAQ

What is single crystal silicon?

Single crystal silicon is a highly pure material with a uniform crystal structure, widely used in semiconductors, optics, and MEMS applications.

What sizes or shapes can you machine?

We can machine wafers, blocks, rings, plates, lenses, windows, and custom precision parts according to drawings.

What tolerances can be achieved?

Typical tolerances are ±0.01 mm, and high-precision parts can reach ±0.001 mm with optical-grade surfaces.

What are the main applications of single crystal silicon?

Common applications include semiconductor devices, MEMS components, optical windows, infrared parts, precision fixtures, and high-stability structural components.